Death and Money The History of the Electric Chair

During the 1880s two developments set the stage for the invention of the electric chair. Beginning in 1886, the New York State Government established a legislative commission to study alternate forms of capital punishment. Hanging was then the number one method of carrying out the death penalty, even while considered too slow and painful a method of execution. Another development was the growing rivalry between the two giants of electrical service. The Edison General Electric Company founded by ​Thomas Edison established themselves with DC service. George Westinghouse developed AC service and started the Westinghouse Corporation. What Is AC and What Is DC? DC (direct current) is electric current that flows in one direction only. AC (alternating current) is electric current that reverses direction in a circuit at regular intervals. The Birth of Electrocution DC service depended on thick copper electrical cables. Copper prices were rising at that time, so DC service was limited by not being able to supply customers who lived beyond a few miles of a DC generator. Thomas Edison reacted to the competition and the prospect of losing to AC service by starting a smear campaign against Westinghouse, claiming that AC technology was unsafe to use. In 1887, Edison held a public demonstration in West Orange, New Jersey, supporting his accusations by setting up a 1,000 volt Westinghouse AC generator attaching it to a metal plate and executing a dozen animals by placing the poor creatures on the electrified metal plate. The press had a field day describing the horrific event and the new term electrocution was used to describe death by electricity. On June 4, 1888, the New York Legislature passed a law establishing electrocution as the states new official method of execution, however, since two potential designs (AC and DC) of the electric chair existed, it was left to a committee to decide which form to choose. Edison actively campaigned for the selection of the Westinghouse chair hoping that consumers would not want the same type of electrical service in their homes that was used for execution. Later in 1888, the Edison research facility hired inventor Harold Brown. Brown had recently written a letter to the New York Post describing a fatal accident where a young boy died after touching an exposed telegraph wire running on AC current. Brown and his assistant Doctor Fred Peterson began designing an electric chair for Edison, publicly experimenting with DC voltage to show that it left the poor lab animals tortured but not dead, then testing AC voltage to demonstrate how AC killed swiftly. Doctor Peterson was the head of the government committee selecting the best design for an electric chair, while still on the payroll of the Edison Company. It was not surprising when the committee announced that the electric chair with AC voltage was chosen for the statewide prison system. Westinghouse On January 1, 1889, the worlds first electrical execution law went into full effect. Westinghouse protested the decision and refused to sell any AC generators directly to prison authorities. Thomas Edison and Harold Brown provided the AC generators needed for the first working electric chairs. George Westinghouse funded the appeals for the first prisoners sentenced to death by electrocution, made on the grounds that electrocution was cruel and unusual punishment. Edison and Brown both testified for the state that execution was a quick and painless form of death and the State of New York won the appeals. Ironically, for many years people referred to the process of being electrocuted in the chair as being Westinghoused. Edisons plan to bring on the demise of Westinghouse failed, and it soon became clear that AC technology was vastly superior to DC technology. Edison finally admitted years later that he had thought so himself all along.

Synthesis Work and Worker in 21 Century - 784 Words

DÆ °Ã† ¡ng VÃ… © Ä Ã¡ » ©c Phá º ¡m Thanh Hà   Composition 2 4 November 2014 Optimism Pessimism in the changes of American Workforce: Reason? Considering how long the humanity has been in existence, Finding Jobs is a extremely difficult concept. There are many arguments about how to find and keep a job in today’s world and ways to make it more practical. In â€Å"The Untouchables†, author Thomas L.Friedman discusses how the American fungible and non-fungible jobs are affected by the Globalization. In Hudson Institute’s article â€Å"Work and Workers in the Twenty-First Century†, their analysts show their opinions about the current trend of jobs in the near future and envision it in the next twenty-plus years. In both articles the authors discuss the topics of†¦show more content†¦Second, both author discuss what is the effect in the changes of job because of outsoucing. According to Friedman, some jobs are lost to the outsource (some to China, some to India), he said â€Å"Not only does my work have to fit into somebodyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s global supply chain, but i myself have to understand how I need to compete and have skills sets required to work at pace that fits the supply chain and I had better be able to do that as well or better than anyone else in this world†. Hudson Analysts show that 20% of U.S manufacturing workers now have jobs that depend on exports. So the workers will not only compete with their counterparts across town or in other parts of the U.S, but also with workers around the globe. Then Employment growth, meanwhile, will remain concentrated in services, which also will benefit increasingly from export markets and will offer high salaries for skilled workers. And For those who maintain and improve their skills, the changes should bring increasing rewards, but it will be traumatic for those who fall behind the skills curve and resist retraining. Last, the changing is affected by some other aspect such as Ages, Ethnic Diversification and Digitizing. Thomas L. Friedman said that mos t jobs in U.S now is outsourced by automated and digitized. And Hudson show that the growth of Asian and HispanicShow MoreRelatedThe Keynesian Era During The Middle Of The Nineteenth Century1720 Words   |  7 PagesBefore the â€Å"Keynesian† era in the middle of the nineteenth century, economists Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Mathus, and John Stuart Mill all shared somewhat similar economic views of the world. Some of the main concepts covered during this time included the division of labor, theories of rent, value, and distribution, theories of market â€Å"gluts† and population, and opportunity cost, competition, and trade. 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Essentials of Corporate Financial Management

Question: Discuss about the case study Essentials of Corporate Financial Management. Answer: Reason behind the explosive growth of Loewen during the early 90s The Loewen Group essentially started as a family business during the year 1950 and experienced explosive growth in the 1990s. The acquirement of numerous small sized funeral homes as well as cemeteries in addition to the acquirement of a number of large recognized funeral chains in thickly populated urban markets can be attributed as a primary reason behind the enormous growth of the company Loewen Group.The organizational strategy that differentiated the Loewen group from that of the other major players operating in the market is the acquisition of the greater share of many small cemeteries as well as funeral homes. Furthermore, the company Loewen Group also successfully retained the expert managers who had thorough idea about the community in which they resided and are already well known in the local areas. The managers therefore could provide even transition of the business from a family business to a corporate big business. The management of the company Loewen Group also financed the businesses for the capital augmentation as well as merchandise. The high entry barriers into this business owing to the high fixed costs as well as huge capital requirements at the time of start up along with lack of social attachment with the community can be considered as a driving force behind the explosive growth of the company. Advantages of Debt Financing The company Loewen has financed several projects by employing debt funds. The debt funds therefore fuelled the growth of the company during the early 90s to a great extent. The policy of debt financing helped the company Loewen to make greater amount of investments and make payments for the new acquirements and assets that can be utilized for the growth of the business. The debt financing of the Loewen thereby also helped the firm to acquire working capital and fulfill the short term needs of the company. Evaluation of the operational and financial performance of Loewen Current Situation The recent financial outcomes reflect a disappointing financial condition of the firm. During the second half of the year 1998, the company adopted the policy of the elimination of the acquisition progam in order to improve the financial results, liquidity as well as operational efficiency. The current situation also reflects the fact that the company also concentrated on the cash flow from different operative actions and mainly on the cash flow from diverse cemetery operations. In addition to this, the company also made efforts to lower the level of cost of the firm by closure of the Cincinnati of the company as well as Trevose offices and at the same time considerable consolidation of diverse management operations in Burnaby. The analysis of the current situation of the company reveals the fact that the sales revenue of the company has grown from $1141.1 recorded in 1997 to $1136.2 in 1998. However, despite the increase in the sales of the company the gross profit of the company de clined by more than 21% during the year 1998. The financial declarations of the company replicate the fact that the total liabilities of the company increased by around 36% to $3768 million during the year 1998. The financial performance of the company can also be checked from profitability ratio of Loewen. The return on equity recorded during the year 1998 reflects the fact that the profitability of the company has declined. The return on equity is registered to be -81.2% during the year 1998 that declined from 2.4% recorded during the year 1997. The profit margin ratio for the year 1998 enumerated by dividing the gross profit by the revenue is recorded to be (291.7/1136.2=0.25). On the other hand, the gross profit margin during the year 1997 was registered to be 0.33. Therefore, the operational as well as the financial performance has deteriorated during the 1998 as compared to the year 1997. Therefore, the current situation is leading to the position of financial distress as the revenues from different acquired corporations also declined to USD 29.1 million from the year ago figure of 187.6. Costs of the financial distress for Loewen The funeral home and the cemetery business of Loewen Group faced imminent financial distress. The company experienced aggressive growth through the excessive use of the debt funds. The process of restructuring of the entire debt funds of the company is extremely costly to different creditors, suppliers, diverse suppliers as well as other company stakeholders. In addition to this, cross border as well as the accounting issues also impend the process of restructuring. The financial distress exerts immense influence on the overall image of the company Loewen Group that is evident from the decline in the prices of the shares of the company. Again, the financial distress also gives rise to different legal issues and the company needs to bear cost for the legal as well as consultation fees that that makes it more costly. Again, due to the financial distress the assets of the corporation can be taken into consideration under the bankruptcy clauses and can also be undervalued by the government. As mentioned in the case study, the company Loewen Group has huge accrued debt and as a result the viability of the cash is also low and the equity is also considered as an unusual circumstance even for different preferred shareholder of the company. Again in case of bankruptcy, the firm needs to spend the entire amount obtained on liquidation for repayment of the debt. Therefore, the equity shareholders can also incur losses owing to the financial distress of the company. In addition to this, the company also faced the difficulty of decline in the overall rates of the stock from 25.75 to 9.44 within the period of a year. The company also experienced growth through a number of acquisitions that were financed by debt funds. The amount of debt of the company Loewen increased from $2.3 billion during the year 1998 and the company had no bank agreement regarding the restructuring. Viewpoint of SCI on hostile bid The Loewen Group and the SCI competes for the properties as they operate in the same market. SCI acquired the British company Great Southern against an amount of $200 million where both the companies placed their bids. Again, the SCI made several offers to Loewen during the year 1996 that were finally declined. The SCI also made formal offers for the purpose of the acquirement of the common stocks of the company at USD43 per share that was substantially higher than the closing share price of the Loewens stock. The management of Loewen rejected the offer citing reasons of unfavorable verdict of the jury as the primary reason behind the decline in the prices of the shares. However, during the year 1997, SCI cancelled its bid for the acquisition of Loewen due to growing concern regarding the anti-trust suit and several takeover defenses of the company and the high debt financing costs of the company. SCI persistently made attempts to acquire Loewen and made several formal proposals to the management of Loewen. The formal proposals of the SCI for the acquisition of Loewen included bids that were rejected by the board of directors of the Loewen. The management of the Loewen rejected the formal proposal on the ground of the underestimation of the overall value of the company. However, declaration of the reason for rejection of the formal bid of the Loewen directed the management of SCI to increase the bid. This too revealed the desperation of the management of SCI for the acquirement of the Loewen. Therefore, different informal acquisition proposals reflect the viewpoint of the management of SCI in getting hold of the competitor firm Loewen and to ensure greater share of the market. The intention behind the consistent attempts of the SCI for the aggressive takeover of the Loewen was primarily the acquirement of a rival firm in order to eliminate a competition. Key factors that drive the valuation for Loewen The key factors that drive the valuation of Lowen include the net present value of the total cash flows that was accrued during the particular period as well as the terminal value where the terminal value is also discounted to the net present value. The value of the company is calculated by taking into consideration the equity value of the firm based on the free cash flow (Arnold 2012). In case if the efficiency level of Loewen becomes equal to that of SCI, then the overall valuation of the firm will increase as the revenue and the profit of the company will rise. The free cash flow of the company will rise and at the same time the net present value of the FCFF (Poniachek 2013). Effects of the operational efficiency, financial policy and growth The operational efficiency of the firm can improve the capability of the firm to generate larger amount of sales out of the available assets of the company (Arnold 2012). During the year 1998, the company Loewen was able to generate profit of USD 291.7 out of the available assets of USD 4673.9. Therefore, the operational efficiency of the company is (1136.2/4673.9=0.24). On the contrary, the operational efficiency of the company Loewen is also found to be approximately 0.24. Therefore, increase the sales of the company and raise the overall operational efficiency of the firm (Arnold 2013). Again, the financial policy of excessive use of debt also affected the overall financial performance of the firm. The use of debt increased the debt to USD 940 and the interest expense to USD 182 from USD 127 during the year 1998, thereby leading to the decline in the net income of the firm. The forecasted sales during the period 1999 are expected to be 1319.1044 where the growth % is recorded to b e 16.09. The growth in sales can therefore raise the efficiency of the operations of the company and increase the overall profitability of the firm as well (Eun and Resnick 2012). The Enterprise value represents the economic value of the company. It is useful in comparing similar companies. This attempts to capture the firms operation and growth in a singular number by multiplying with the financial matrices to yield the result. In the given case the Enterprise value of both the company are calculated based on the data of 1998. The calculation of Enterprise Value is given below: Calculation of Enterprise Value (98) Particulars Sci Lowen Market Value of Equity 9865.7 624.9 Total Debt 3880.4 2334.2 Cash 314.1 76.1 Enterprise Value $13432.00 $2883.00 The enterprise value is calculated by adding Market value of equity with total debt and subtracting cash from that. As can be seen from calculation Enterprise value of SCI is more than that of Lowe. In this, case the financial metrics used is sales for calculating the enterprise value of Lowen based on the financial metrics of SCI. The enterprise value of metrics of Lowen comes to $5308.142. The increase in Lowens value is $2425.14. Calculation of increase in Enterprise Value EV of Lowen at SCI operation level $ 5,308.14 EV of Lowen at current operation level $ 2,883.00 Increase in Enterprise Value $ 2,425.14 References Arnold, G. 2012.Corporate financial management. Harlow, England: Pearson. Arnold, G. 2013.Essentials of corporate financial management. Harlow, England: Pearson. Eun, C. and Resnick, B. 2012.International financial management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Poniachek, H. 2013.International corporate finance. London: Routledge.

Use of Accounting Software For a Manufacturing Unit

Question: Discuss about theUse of Accounting Software for a Manufacturing Unit. Answer: Introduction: Significance of Accounting Software It has become almost mandatory for every business organisation to have accounting software which can record the business transactions and carry out other important functions like invoicing, collection and disbursement of payments, stock valuation, and providing reports like profit and loss account, balance sheet to analyze the financial position of the business. There are many companies which provide accounting software according to the needs of the business. Some of them include Myob, QuickBooks, and Zero. A business may choose from the available options depending upon its business needs and the functionalities provided by the software. Transactions and Events in a Manufacturing Concern A manufacturing firm is involved in production of goods which it sells to earn profits. The events in a manufacturing set up normally comprise of purchase of raw material, processing the material to convert it into a finished product. Next event is selling of the finished product. Apart from sale of goods, the payment to employees is another event. For carrying out the business transactions, a company needs finance, obtaining and paying for the loan is yet another event. For the Kiama based manufacturer of dairy products also above events will take place. In carrying out the above events, various economic transactions take place, some of which are mentioned below: Purchase of raw material for a dairy manufacturer, the raw material would be milk which will be purchased from a farm owning cows. The purchase may be made in cash or credit. Cash is paid for immediately and credit purchases are paid later as per the terms of credit. Conversion of raw material into finished goods the milk will be converted to yogurt and cheese. For this fermentation will be carried out on the milk. Before the product is finished, it may be in work in process inventory. Hence, the business needs to record the stock of the material at its cost using an appropriate stock valuation method. In this case, the manufacturer may stock the cheese. Sale/return of finished products once the product is manufactured, in this case cheese and yogurt, the manufacturer will sell these products. The transaction will be recorded in the accounting books with information like sales amount, name if the buyer. An invoice will be generated to be issued to the buyer. If the payment is not collected on the spot, a debtors account will be created and the payment whenever received will be recorded accordingly. Payment of salaries/wages to employees the company may pay the employees on a periodic basis. The company makes payment to the employees either through cash or check. In paying the staff, the firm deducts tax at source to be paid to the government; hence another transaction is to pay taxes to government. Financing the manufacturer may want to acquire a loan to finance its business transactions. Hence, receiving of cash, payment of interest and repayment of debt are various transactions that will take place for the event. Purchase of assets for carrying out the business activities, a firm will need assets like the dairy manufacturer will require equipments to convert milk into cheese. Payment of tax a manufacturer normally makes two types of tax payments. One is the tax on sale of goods and the other is the tax on behalf of employees deducted at source. For recording the above transactions, a company may either depend on manual accounting or purchase accounting software which will help in recording the above transactions Accounting Software vs. Manual Books Every transaction that takes place must be recognized, classified and documented. The entries should be recorded in a journal and the various accounts being affected by the transaction should be updated. All the journal entries should be posted in the various ledger accounts. At the end of the accounting period, a trial balance should be prepared with the help of ledger to see if the debit equals credit or not. Therefore with the help of trial balance financial statements like profit and loss account, balance sheet and statement of cash flows should be prepared. Under manual accounting, the above accounting cycle is prepared by the employees on a period basis. Under computerized accounting, only the recording of transactions needs to be done by employees i.e. entering the data and rest all the steps of accounting cycle like generating invoices, making of financial reports is automatically prepared by the software. There are many advantages of accounting software over manual book keeping some of which are discussed below: Speed and Accuracy accounting software is faster as far as entering information is concerned. The built in database of suppliers and customers helps in quick data entry. There is more accuracy as there is only one entry required per transaction whereas in manual accounting two to three entries are made for each transaction. Automatic document production documents like invoices, purchase orders, credit notes, payroll documents are all done automatically in the accounting software whereas in manual accounting, separate print outs have to be taken for each document. (Weber, NA) Real time information an accounting software helps in providing information real time i.e. it can create reports before the accounting period so that the current financial position can be determined. Under manual accounting, reports are prepared at the end of the accounting period. Also the information can be made available to different users at the same time which is not possible with manual accounting. Management information various useful reports are produced by accounting software which are useful to the managers in monitoring and controlling business. Important reports include financial statements, debtors and creditors ageing, stock valuation report etc. these reports have to be prepared manually under manual accounting which is very time consuming. (Hadler, NA) Cost savings there are cost savings in terms of staff, audit expenses as records are neat and up to date. Efficiency use of accounting software increases efficiency as better inventory control and debt collection reports help in improving cash flow. Also time and resources wasted in recording all entries is avoided. GST/VAT return the software creates automatic figures of GST and VAT returns based on the accounting transactions so no time is wasted whereas under manual accounting, tax figures need to be calculated manually. (Opentuition, 2016), (Meall, 2010) Sales Cycle of Manufacturing Firm When a company makes sales, there are a series of transactions that take place. Based on these transactions, the journal entries are recorded in the accounting software. So when the dairy manufacturer makes sales, the following transactions cycle will take place: Creating sales order when there is sale of any item like cheese or yogurt, a sales order is created in the accounting software. The customer is located on the software and a sales order is created by entering the quantity and delivery date and any applicable GST and customers ABN is automatically updated. The Sales Order Functionality helps to Track the Merchandise that has been Delivered and How Much is Left to be Delivered. Converting sales order to sales invoice the sales order is converted into sales invoice at the time of delivery of sales merchandise. Only when sales invoice is created, the sales journal entries are posted in the respective ledgers. The customer account balance is automatically updated. Recording credit sales if the sale is on credit, the credit sales invoice is created in the software. Recording part cash and part credit sales the total sales is recorded in the sales item and then a cash receipt is recorded separately receipts payments window. Collection of accounts receivable after a credit sale is made, next step in the cycle is to receive the money. There are two steps in this process: Recording the receipt of money received from the customer Recording the deposit of money in the bank account Sales returns sales may be returned by the customer. This is recorded in the software in two steps: First a credit note is created by creating a negative invoice Then the credit note is applied to an existing invoice (Perdisco, 2016) Risks of Using Manual set of Accounts In todays world, most of the business organisations have switched over to electronic software as using manual set of accounts poses risks and costs for a business. One of the greatest risks is loss of books of accounts due to fire or theft. If the records are lost, the business may go for a toss. Also it is very time consuming and there are great chances of human error. In electronic accounting, accuracy is higher as all records can be pulled from the software itself. Manual accounting becomes tedious as it is a routine work and may get boring. Hence it is advisable to use accounting software which has a cost to it but the advantages derived are more than the costs and hence is recommended. References Weber, A, (NA), Manual Accounting Versus Computerized Accounting, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at https://www.experience.com/alumnus/article?channel_id=accountingsource_page=breaking_inarticle_id=article_1173385201144 Hadler, G., (NA), The Advantages of using Computerised Accounting Software, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at, https://www.itseducation.asia/computerized-accounting.htm Perdisco, (2016), Sales Command Centre, Myob Learning Centre, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at, https://www.perdisco.com/au/myobLearning/sales/ openTuition.com, (2016), Types of Business Transactions and Documentation, accessed online on 21st July, 2016, available at, https://opentuition.com/fia/fa1/types-of-business-transactions/ Meall, L., (2010), Online Accounting Software, Chartec Software Product Guide, Information Technology Faculty, ICAEW

Power Crisis free essay sample

Power crisis takes a toll on Andhra Pradesh industries Hyderabad, August 23, 2012, DHNS: If problem continues, several factories will have to close down The power crisis in Andhra Pradesh has taken its toll on the industries, with the AP Transmission Corporation directing its officials to switch off power supply to industrial feeders of 11 KV and above, till further orders. It also warned officials of serious action if the order was not implemented properly. Understandably, the industrial sector is fuming since the government action comes without prior warning. For the last three days, we do not have power and all the manufacturing concerns have shut their factories. This is a serious issue as industries will have to shut down eventually. The other option is to step out and set up units in other states,† said Devendra Surana, President of the Federation of Andhra Pradesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FAPCCI). If the crisis continues, all units spread in the 18 industrial areas around Hyderabad will have to close down and lakhs of employees will be rendered jobless, he warned. We will write a custom essay sample on Power Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Already, we face three-day power holiday in a week and most industries look forward to the weekends when there is supply,† Surana said. Two units shutdown The power crisis was aggravated after last week’s shutdown of 500 MW units at the Vijayawada Thermal Power Station and the National Thermal Power Corporation’s (NTPC) Ramagundam plant. Besides, the government was under pressure to ensure uninterrupted power supply to domestic consumers, especially in the Muslim-dominated old city area, in view of the holy month of Ramazan. With the festivities coming to an end, authorities resumed the three-hour power cuts from Thursday. The state houses about 1. 61 lakh small scale units, providing livelihood to 3. 7 million families. â€Å"The industry is suffering an estimated loss of about Rs 250 crore every day. Given the situation, it becomes inevitable for the managements to cut down the labour force,† Surana said. Consequently, several industries are shifting to Chhattisgarh and Gujarat. With people across sections criticising the government’s inept handling of the power crisis, Chief Minister N Kiran Kumar Reddy sought 500 MW power from the central power stations in the southern region. The government also sought 300 MW from Kalpakkam and 75 MW from Neyveli.

Philosophical Quotes on Beauty

Philosophical Quotes on Beauty Beauty is one of the most intricate and fascinating topics of philosophical discussion. It has been taken up in relation to a host of other subjects, such as truth, the good, the sublime, and pleasure. Here is a selection of quotes on beauty, divided into different themes. Beauty and Truth Beauty is truth, truth beauty, - that is all \ Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. (John Keats, One on a Grecian Urn, 1819)Although I am a typical loner in daily life, my consciousness of belonging to the invisible community of those who strive for truth, beauty, and justice has preserved me from feeling isolated. (Albert Einstein, My Credo, 1932)The pursuit of beauty is much more dangerous nonsense than the pursuit of truth or goodness because it affords a greater temptation to the ego. (Northrop Frye, Mythical Phase: Symbol as Archetype, 1957)I must not say that she was true |Yet let me say that she was fair |And they, that lovely face who view |They should not ask if truth be there. (Matthew Arnold, Euphrosyne)Truth exists for the wise, beauty for the feeling heart. (Friedrich Schiller, Don Carlos)O, how much more doth beauty beauteous seem| By that sweet ornament which truth doth give! (William Shakespeare, Sonnet LIV)If truth is beauty how come nobody has their hair done in a library? (Lily Tomlin, American comedian) Beauty and Pleasure Tis impious pleasure to delight in harm.And beauty should be kind, as well as charm. (George Granville, To Myra)Beauty is pleasure objectified - pleasure regarded as the quality of an object (George Santayana, The Sense of Beauty)The roses of pleasure seldom last long enough to adorn the brow of him who plucks them; for they are the only roses which do not retain their sweetness after they have lost their beauty. (Hannah More, Essays on Various Subjects, On Dissipation) Beauty and the Sublime Whereas the beautiful is limited, the sublime is limitless, so that the mind in the presence of the sublime, attempting to imagine what it cannot, has pain in the failure but pleasure in contemplating the immensity of the attempt. (Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgment)What give all that is tragic, whatever its form, the characteristic of the sublime, is the first inkling of the knowledge that the world and life can give no satisfaction, and are not worth our investment in them. The tragic spirit consists in this. Accordingly, it leads to resignation. (Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation)When I look out on such a night as this, I feel as if there could be neither wickedness nor sorrow in the world; and there certainly would be less of both if the sublimity of Nature were more attended to, and people were carried more out of themselves by contemplating such a scene. (Jane Austen, Mansfield Park)Whatever is fitted in any sort to excite the ideas of pain, and danger, that is to say, whatever is in any sort terrible, or is conversant about terrible objects, or operates in a manner analogous to terror, is a source of the sublime; that is, it is productive of the strongest emotion which the mind is capable of feeling .... When danger or pain press too nearly, they are incapable of giving any delight, and [yet] with certain modifications, they may be, and they are delightful, as we everyday experience. (Edmund Burke, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful)A thing of beauty is a joy forever | Its loveliness increases; it will never |Pass into nothingness; but still will keep | A bower quiet for us, and a sleep |Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing. (John Keats)

The online world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The online world - Essay Example In the following discussion, the focus is on enhancement of our personal and social lives by the online world. Social networking, cloud-based computing, and mobile technologies are transforming how people learn, work, and play. Digital technology has evolved quickly from personal computers and networks to participatory social, academic, and political Web 2.0 environments with a new vocabulary and new temporal and special interactions. Web 2.0 applications safari, Geocaching, Flickr, Google, Blogger, GarageBand, YouTube, iMovies, Facebook, Twitter, iPhone, and iPad are part of the new user-centric information infrastructure that emphasizes creative participation over presentation; encourages focused conversation and short briefs written in less technical, public vernacular; and facilitates innovative explorations, experimentations, and purposeful tinkering that often forms the basis of situated understanding that emerges from action. In the current world, the online world has replaced the actual lives, thanks to the introduction of new devices and a new lifestyle. The strategy involves using iPads instead of clipboards and switching manual activities to technological ones. Additionally, the online world involves putting information on an online device as opposed to delivering it manually. This substitution has come as a benefit in the business world due to upgrade of performance. Arguably, companies across the globe have embraced the online world and operations have improved. Doing business is now easy, thanks to introduction of e-Commerce, which has made it possible to move to Smartphones from the PC and wallets have been replaced with e-Payments for example PayPal and Payoneer online money transfer which is done in the social media (Kadushin 67). Substituting everything to technology is easy to understand because physical stores have been replaced with e-Store for instance

Running Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Running Economy - Essay Example Unfortunately the authors did not report the extent of the improvements in running performance. Yet it is well known that even a small increase in running economy dramatically improves running performance. Secondly in a study by Paavolainen et al, (1999) found that 9 weeks of explosive resistance training (plyometrics) improved running economy by 8.1% and this resulted in a 3.1% improvement in 5km running time without an increase in VO2max. The authors claim improved neuromuscular characteristics lead to this improvement. Running economy can be improved with resistance training and all endurance athletes studied performed resistance training without causing a reduction in VO2max or other endurance measures, thereby dispelling the myth that resistance training will hinder aerobic performance. However more studies are needed in this area to support these observations in already highly trained runners. All future studies should also always include a measure of performance e.g. Improved race time or time trial performance. It is well documented that the main physiological prerequisites for success in endurance events are VO2max, lactate threshold and running economy (in running events). In elite athletes, the VO2max has been found to be the dominant factor of success in endurance events. Traditionally, the training in endurance events such as long distance running and cross-country skiing has been targeted to improve the function of the cardio respiratory system to increase the VO2max, aerobic and anaerobic thresholds. There has been little attention to the anaerobic performance ability in endurance events. It is well documented that explosive strength and speed training cause specific adaptation to the neuromuscular system improving explosive force production ability such as rate of force development, increased rate of activation of motor units, improved anaerobic energy production and neural adaptation. When endurance athletes (runners, cross-country skiers) have engaged in explosive strength and sp eed training, it has been found that the endurance performance was improved significantly. Also, it has been noted that endurance athletes performing well in explosive strength tests outperformed their fellow athletes in endurance tests. Paavolainen et al. (1991) reported that national level cross-country skiers who engaged in explosive type strength training in addition to their normal training, were able improve their force-times i.e. improve their ability to produce a given amount of force in shorter time. This was also described by a significant improvement of jump heights in both static and counter movement jumps, whereas their counterparts in control group did not. The authors concluded that the explosive type strength training is beneficial to the cross-country skiers, which improves their force production ability without reduction in aerobic capacity. In another study, Paavolainen et al. (1999) studied the effects of explosive-strength training on 5-km running performance. In this study, the endurance athletes were able to improve their 20-m sprint time, 5-jumps and maximal isometric force in leg extensors as a result of explosive-strength type training. What was interesting, these athletes were also able to improve t

Macroeconomics II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macroeconomics II - Essay Example Macroeconomics is the big picture of a country. The rate of inflation measured by the Consumer price index, Growth measured by the GDP rate, and the rate of unemployment, which denotes the country’s full employment potential. On the other hand, Microeconomics is study of the behavior of firms workers, markets and households. The primary goal of the government and the Bank of England is to keep inflation and unemployment as low as possible in the process of maximizing growth. To achieve this goal a monetary and fiscal policy is formulated. A monetary policy is the altering of lending rates to banks this in turn releases or curbs money supply in the financial market. An increase in the prime lending rate by the Bank of England to other banks pushes them to raise the interest paid on deposits to consumers and the interest on loan to borrowers. A fiscal policy is the change in the taxation structure and public spending. Public spending in other words is the government spending on defense, infrastructure and welfare schemes for the country. (Source:Mathew Bishop ’Economist’ Essentials of Economics, Macroeconomic policy.) Inflation is caused when demand for goods and services exceed supply or a rise in the price of oil, which most countries around the globe are facing right now. An increase in the prime lending rate will encourage saving, and discourage borrowing due to the high rate of interest on loans and in turn bring down consumption spending by giving the common person, lower disposable income, Therefore lower demand and this controls price rise. Now the reduction in consumption spending decreases the demand for goods and services, and businesses will cut cost as they worry about inventory pile up and future sales. This results in low wages and unemployment. So what do we do? What we see here is ironical. In the attempts to

Analyzing Realism Of 18th Century Authors

Analyzing Realism Of 18th Century Authors In this essay I will be focusing on two very interesting texts which depict realism in their own ways. I will be analysing Daniel Defoes Moll Flanders and Aphra Behns Oroonoko. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦realism came to be used primarily as the antonym of idealism, and this sense, which is actually a reflection of the position taken by the enemies of the French Realists, has in fact coloured much critical and historical writing about the novel  [1]  . I will be examining the way in which the characters individualism is linked with the claim to truth in both texts; this will help me establish whether the attempts of realism of eighteenth century writers were complex enough to be convincing or not. Moll Flanders on the other hand is obliged to the tradition of a novel which depicts in realistic and humorous detail. Molls life is conveyed in episodes within the text which makes her story seem more realistic. When Defoe began to writeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦he merely allowed his narrative order to flow spontaneously from his own sense of what his protagonist might plausibly do next.  [4]  The dismissal of a conforming plot is stated in both of the texts by the way in which the storylines are presented; the writers choose to write in a biography style which is a method which aims to attract the readers attention. Oroonoko as a character is very different as he is a prince yet at the same time a black slave. The rise of realism tries to have an effect on the readers so they can believe it; this proves to be a huge generic feature in the novel. The title Oroonoko shows how the story claims truth right from the start; there is a claim of reliability of the narrator. The first half of the book contains long passages of descriptions of the landscape which seems to be exotic; this makes the story seem believable as it adds to the reality effect. The background of the novel is illustrated to have a lot of detail, yet at the same time the narrators character doesnt seem developed. The female narrator that is un-named claims she saw Oroonoko like she knew him; this gives the story an appearance of truth. She monitors and tells the story to her audience even though we dont know fully what she looks like or why she is in Surinam. We know of her just as an observer and that she is quite well educated. The book is a good look at some of the contemporary issues in Britain; it focuses on the buying and selling of human beings. Behn forces up to a controversial issue which makes the book very believable and able to connect with the readers, it is a text which argues that en-slaving a prince is wrong. The aspect of individuality in Moll Flanders is an interesting aspect to look at as she is quite one-sided due to her concerns in life of an economic nature. Molls character is expressed in the text through the consciousness of her thoughts and behaviour; she is shown to be completely devoted to material comfort. It is fascinating to note that Defoes protagonist has a very realistic name while the narrator in Behns text doesnt have any name. Moll changes throughout the novel, she is shown to do everything as a necessity. She learns to survive; and is shown to give out her children trying to find them good homes. Her character is believable as she talks about herself and judges herself as a whore; she undergoes the guilt of her bigamy and sex in the text. Moll is revealed to contradict herself in the novel as shell say she feels guilty about something yet does it anyway. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the novel is surely distinguished from other genres and from previous forms of fiction by the amount of attentionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦of its characters and to the detailed presentation of their environment.  [5]  As a female narrator Moll is quite believable; her maternal instincts are shown to keep her alive. She has many children, and subverts the traditional role of a woman in the eighteenth century; the text demonstrates the believability of a woman very vividly. Defoes text is a story which begins with Molls birth; her character is shown to be clever, quick and talented knowing how to survive in a patriarchal society. Defoe had many careers, one which was a professional spy. Moll learns about disguise in the text as she hides other characters identities allowing the concept of realism to come into light. Could she be concealing identities of real people? It could be that she did this in order to add to the believability and documentary sense of the story. We as the readers are presented with the story being told by an old Moll, it is clear to identify the difference between the old and new Moll in the story. Even though we can see this growth, Moll finds it hard to see the transformation and development she has undergone. She is shown to grow older physically yet she forgets countless parts of her life. Moll is deeply fixed in the time process and even though there is not much development in her character, she is influenced by her previous e xperiences. Time contributes to Oroonoko as it reveals a part of the British history. The Surinam parts in the text can be seen as more of a travel story, the narrator doesnt respond to time yet undertakes a role to support Oroonoko throughout the novel. She claims to have power right from the beginning of the text however similar to Moll she is unable to apply her past thoughts. One of the characteristics of realism is a realist point of view in language and text structure. Defoe was a journalist; Moll Flanders reflects this, as it is written in a reporting style. There are no literary devices used in the text so the reader can easily have familiarity with the text. Behns style is very practical along with Defoes. Her narrator tells us the readers what she observes and sees. While we, as readers of the novel, are free to accept the authors words simply as rhetorical verification of her reliability as a narratorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the truth of her statement dominates discussion of the work.  [6]  In both books there is closeness linking the reader and the narrator. The characters which are presented by both Defoe and Behn can be seen as challenging, it is possible that both writers were aware of how difficult it would be to create a convincing character, therefore most probably claimed the truth of the stories in the preface before the stories even began. The narrator figure in Oroonoko can in many ways be seen as an illusive Aphra Behn, she becomes very vivid, and therefore the readers may assume a connection. Behns Oroonoko being a real travel journal shows the reliability of the narrator. If the truth was not stated then the claim to truth at the beginning of the texts would have been perceived as northing more than a literary device which is parallel to Defoes. Behn uses her narrator to raise awareness of the government, politics and male dominance over women as a concerning factor, whereas Moll seems to lack this complexity. It unlikely to analyze Moll as Defoe concentrated more on her actions rather than her personality. In conclusion both Behns Oroonoko and Defoes Moll Flanders illustrate good attempts at realism of eighteenth century writers. Both Behn and Defoe have one thing in common which is the claim of truth of their narratives. Oroonoko is a text which lacks features of a novel however we can see that it has a lot of the criteria of the realistic form above all the narrator figure who reveals a new genre. Oroonoko is written in the first person narrative and by a woman therefore is quite realistic. She has good incentive and qualities, as she wants to give infinite recognition to Oroonokos character. All these qualities support the realism and originality of Behns text. Through this essay I have tackled the question whether Moll Flanders is a convincing text or not. Similar to Oroonoko, it fulfils a lot of the criteria of realism in the novel. Molls own awareness is built up as she is illustrated to be more of an individual character rather than the narrator in Oroonoko who is fictionalized. I do not agree that the attempts of realism of eighteenth century writers are never complex enough to be convincing. I feel that both texts evidently convey very convincing and realistic pieces of writing through the characters, settings and narratives which are presented.

Othello: Discrimination Against Women Essay -- Othello essays

Othello: the Discrimination Against Women      Ã‚     Yes, even in Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello there is considerable sexism.   Let us root out and analyze instances of obvious sexism in this play.    Even the noble general yielded to the sexist remarks and insinuations of his ancient, thus developing a reprehensible attitude toward his lovely and faithful wife. Angela Pitt in â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies† comments on the Moor’s sexist treatment of Desdemona:    Desdemona has, therefore, some quite serious faults as a wife, including a will of her own, which was evident even before she was married. This does not mean that she merits the terrible accusations flung at her by Othello, nor does she in any way deserve her death, but she is partly responsible for the tragic action of the play. Othello’s behavior and mounting jealousy are made more comprehensible if we remember what Elizabethan husbands might expect of their wives. (45)    In the opening scene, while Iago is expressing his hatred for the general Othello for his selection of Michael Cassio for the lieutenancy, he contrives a plan to partially avenge himself (â€Å"I follow him to serve my turn upon him†), with Roderigo’s assistance, by alerting Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, to the fact of his daughter’s elopement with Othello: â€Å"Call up her father, / Rouse him: make after him, poison his delight [. . .] .† Implied in this move is the fact of a father’s assumed control over the daughter’s choice of a marriage partner. Iago’s warning to the senator follows closely: â€Å"'Zounds, sir, you're robb'd; for shame, put on your gown; / Your heart is burst, you have lost half your soul.† This statement also implies that the father has authority over the daught... ...ilia’s stunning interrogation and conviction of her own husband as the evil mastermind behind the murder reverses the sexist image of women underlying the play. Her performance proves that women are guided by reason to the same extent, or even greater than, men; and that men are passion-driven moreso than are women. The tables are turned on sexism at the very climax of the drama!    WORKS CITED       Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare: The Tragedies. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Bady language

Body language is a form of non-verbal communication consisting of body pose, gestures, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals subconsciously. Body language may provide clues as to the attitude or state of mind of a person. For example, it may indicate aggression, attentiveness, boredom, relaxed state, pleasure, amusement and intoxication among many other clues. ? Body language; Can effect how people think of you, Can reveal if sameone is lying to you, Can improve your overall comunication skills, Can turn you into a person people like, or dislike.Of all the body language facial expressions, the most important and powerful is the smile. A smile says I like you send conveys happiness warmth and confidince. We use facial expressions to get our points across in the right context. For example, your message would suffer if you were saying how angry you are with a huge smile. Eye is one of the most important nonverbal channels you have for communication and connecting wit h other people. Looking at a person acknowledges them and shows hat you are interested in them, particularly if you look in their eyes.When a person avoid from eye contact, they may be feeling insecure. They may also be lying and not want to be detected. A gesture is a non-vocal bodily movement intended to express meaning. They may be articulated with the hands, arms or body, and also include movements of the head We all give away hints as to our true feelings, through our movements and gestures. This is a list of examples of body language. 1 Gesture: Brisk, erect walk

Using the Spanish Conjunction Y

Using the Spanish Conjunction Y Although the Spanish conjunction y usually is the equivalent of the English and, it also can be used in a few ways that arent exactly the way and is in English. Keep in mind that y  changes to  e when it comes before certain words. Basically, it become e when it precedes a word that begins with the i sound, such as iglesia. Using Y To Link Similar Grammatical Units Most of the time, y is used to connect two sentences or words or phrases that are the same part of speech or fulfill the same grammatical function. Thus, for example, it can join two or more nouns as well as two or more direct objects. Grammatically, y in this usage is known as a copulative. Un perro y una vaca son los protagonistas del libro. (A dog and a cow are the books main characters. Y joins two nouns.)Tà º y yo sabemos lo que es vivir tan lejos. (You and I know what it is to live so far away. Y joins two subject pronouns, although it could can join a noun and a pronoun if they are both subjects.)Cantbamos y tocbamos mejor que nadie. (We sang and we played instruments better than anybody. Y joins two verbs.)Es el mejor regalo para à ©l y ella. (Its the best gift for him and her.) ¿Por quà © ese idiota es rico y yo no? (Why is that idiot rich and Im not?)El presidente y el vicepresidente tienen un mandato de cuatro aà ±os. (The president and vice president have a four-year term.)Vi la pelà ­cula y la encontrà © buena. (I saw the film and I found it to be good.)Me duele mucho y estoy preocupada. (Im in much pain and I am worried.) If y is used to join a series of three or more entities, a comma is not used before the final entity unless needed for clarity. This is in contrast with English, where the comma is optional or a matter of; when it is used in English, it is known as the Oxford comma. Tà º, ella y yo vamos a la playa. (You, she, and I are going to the beach.)El leà ³n, la bruja y el armario fue escrito por C.S. Lewis. (The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was written by C.S. Lewis.)Venimos, comimos, y nos fuimos. (We came, we ate, and we left.)Esa idea es estereotà ­pica, incorrecta e inautà ©ntica. (That idea is stereotypical, incorrect and inauthentic.) Y in Questions To Mean ‘What About?’ In beginning questions, y can carry the idea of what about? or how about? Although the and of English can be used the same way, the Spanish usage is much more common. No puedo nadar.  ¿Y tà º? (I cant swim. How about you?)No sabà ­a que David estaba enfermo.  ¿Y Casandra? (I didnt know David was sick. What about Casandra?) ¿Y quà ©? (So what?) ¿Y si mi hijo no se toma la medicacià ³n? (What if my son doesnt take the medication?) Y as an Indication of Contrast In some contexts, y can be used to indicate a contrast in a way that the English and standing alone doesnt. In these cases it usually can be translated by and yet or and still. Estudiaba mucho y no sabà ­a nada. She studied a lot and still didnt know anything.Juan es asesino y lo amamos. Juan is a murderer, yet we still love him.Antonio y Casandra son hermanos, pero à ©l es alto y ella es baja. (Antonio and Casandra are brother and sister, but he is tall even while she is short.) Using Y To Suggest a Large Amount As with the English and, when y connects a word or phrase that is repeated, it suggests a large, indefinite amount: Corrieron y corrieron hasta llegar a casa. (The ran and they ran until they arrived at home.)Es una ciudad muerta desde hace aà ±os y aà ±os. (It has been a dead city since years and years ago.)Mi madre estudiaba y estudiaba a todas horas. (My mother studied and studied all the time.) Key Takeaways Y is most often the direct equivalent of and, being used to join two or more works, phrases, or sentences that have the same grammatical status.Y can also be used at the beginning of a question to mean what about.In some contexts, y emphasizes the contrast between two or more grammatical entities.

Free Essays on Dune

Frank Herbert ¡Ã‚ ¦s Dune is the story of an empire in chaos, a royal family in the mist of treachery, of corruption and loyalty. This story takes place in a richly detailed universe with complex economic, social and religious histories and is set in a time where they are important for survival. Corruption within a royal family can bring destruction to the throne Arrakis is the sole source of Melange, the "spice of spices." Melange is necessary for interstellar travel and grants psychic powers and longevity, Fighting over each other for control of Melange is the main cause of corruption. Melange turned loyal servants against their own masters and peaceful tribe people into savages. "Melange was merely his instrument for telling that story of corruption" ( McNelly 3 ) Loyalty and treachery both relate to corruption. In a world that is harsh and cruel, corruption alone can bring destruction to even the greatest of powers... Free Essays on Dune Free Essays on Dune Frank Herbert ¡Ã‚ ¦s Dune is the story of an empire in chaos, a royal family in the mist of treachery, of corruption and loyalty. This story takes place in a richly detailed universe with complex economic, social and religious histories and is set in a time where they are important for survival. Corruption within a royal family can bring destruction to the throne Arrakis is the sole source of Melange, the "spice of spices." Melange is necessary for interstellar travel and grants psychic powers and longevity, Fighting over each other for control of Melange is the main cause of corruption. Melange turned loyal servants against their own masters and peaceful tribe people into savages. "Melange was merely his instrument for telling that story of corruption" ( McNelly 3 ) Loyalty and treachery both relate to corruption. In a world that is harsh and cruel, corruption alone can bring destruction to even the greatest of powers... Free Essays on Dune Frank Herbert ¡Ã‚ ¦s Dune is the story of an empire in chaos, a royal family in the mist of treachery, of corruption and loyalty. This story takes place in a richly detailed universe with complex economic, social and religious histories and is set in a time where they are important for survival. Corruption within a royal family can bring destruction to the throne Arrakis is the sole source of Melange, the "spice of spices." Melange is necessary for interstellar travel and grants psychic powers and longevity, Fighting over each other for control of Melange is the main cause of corruption. Melange turned loyal servants against their own masters and peaceful tribe people into savages. "Melange was merely his instrument for telling that story of corruption" ( McNelly 3 ) Loyalty and treachery both relate to corruption. In a world that is harsh and cruel, corruption alone can bring destruction to even the greatest of powers...

Be able to use software-generated information to make decisions in an Essay

Be able to use software-generated information to make decisions in an organisation - Essay Example For instance, it Management it is used to ensure that there is proper transition of employees within the scope an organisation. Moreover, it is used in strategic management to source the right job candidate, to enhance employee’s professional growth and development as well as to motivate employees to achieving organisation goals and objectives (Information Resources Management Association and Khosrow-Pour, 2001). Management information system may be used at tactical level to assess market competition and government policies that may affect organisation performance. For example, management information systems may be employed to carry out marketing research and gather facts concerning a particular market. This may help an organisation to assess its weakness and how it can use its strength to counter its weakness. Additionally, management information system is used to execute tactical functions by helping managers to make informed decision in respect to organisation operations. Managers can inform their clients on the impending changes and how those changes will help to meet and exceed customers’ needs (Information Resources Management Association and Khosrow-Pour, 2001). Based on the above computation, it can be observed that financial viability of this will have an accounting rate of return of 30%.This means that this project is worthwhile investing based on this approach. However, the accounting rate of return method tends to be criticized due to its limitations. For example, it does not provide an appropriate project appraisal because it includes items that are non cash. Further, it fails to take into consideration the time value of cash as well as its difficult to adjust inherent risks that may be attributed to a (project Introduction to corporate finance, 2012). Based on the calculation above it can be observed that the project will yield a positive net present value of +Â £79,301.8, this

The Crystal Cathedral Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Crystal Cathedral - Essay Example It rises up in the centre of the park and has around 10,000 pieces of tempered silver-colored glass windows encased in a network of white steel trusses. The interiors of the cathedral can allow a seating congregation of nearly 3,000 people. If required, the portions of the exterior walls open up which allow additional members to remain in their cars while viewing the worship service in the insides. The glass used on the external surface is reflective. It allows only 8 per cent of light and heat to penetrate to the insides. The building happens to be the world's first all-glass church. The plan comprises of the basic elements of a typical church in a shape of a four pointed star some 460ft by 200ft that reaches up to 128ft at its apex. Its height is even bigger than that of Notre Dame in Paris. The church complex is designed by American architect Philip Johnson and John Burgee. The building is huge in scale, and its all of its walls are clad by mirrored glass to the outside over a steel lattice structure. It has a symmetrical plan and an asymmetrical section. The crystalline shaped and glass-covered steel lattice frames have been used to give the building its present structure and form. In the floor plan of the church, the nave has been squished to pull out the transept. The idea behind doing this was to get the public closer to the performances and the alter place to have a better view of the activities. On further simplification of this geometry, this form has eventually given rise to the form of a star in its plan, with free-standing balconies in three points and the chancel in the fourth corner. The glass hung on the steel lattice frames gives an effect of a non-massive building. On the outsides the mirrored glass makes an entirely mirrored building with only around one tenth of sunlight entering the insides of the building. The construction with a triodetic steel frame helps in venting the hotter air to the outside from its top and it functions as a gigantic chimney. This provides natural cooling the interiors as cool air enters fro m the lower openings. Image 2: the aerial view of the Crystal Cathedral in the park, note its star shaped plan Made almost entirely of glass and a framework of steel, the cathedral is having an angular, mirror-like exterior, a transparent sun-lit interior, a giant television screen, and an altar place made out of marble. The walls and roof are clad in the mirrored glass over a structure of space frame and it helps in attaining passive solar heating in small proportions. The openable strips of the ventilating windows also help in attaining wind cooling. This is needed as the building is located in suburban area of Garden Grove having a climate of mild desert. The apex at the top is made with the help of triodetic steel frame that act as a chimney to carry out wind movements and provide natural cooling. The glass, being reflective by its characteristics, allows only eight per cent of light and heat to penetrate to the insides. The supporting structure is a triodetic steel frame. It works as a giant chimney and allows heat to rise out of the building and preventing a greenhouse effect. The cathe dral has 10,000 panes of reflective glass, which allows only 8% of outside light into the church. This gives the interior a sub watery appearance. The audio services,

Supply Chains with a Focus on Customer Value Essay - 6

Supply Chains with a Focus on Customer Value - Essay Example Supply chain management excellence is crucial to customer satisfaction; consequently, customer satisfaction is critical to customer loyalty, and loyalty critical to profitability (Reichheld 1996 cited in Flint et al., 2008, p. 258). In order to address the problem of customer loyalty, firms apply product and service innovations. Supply chain learning should be a part of the firms’ strategies to address customer satisfaction and loyalty. This is also the main objective of market orientation – customer satisfaction through superior performance of products and services (Singh, 2004, p. 3). Companies attain competitive edge through constant innovation. The first periods of the new century marked profound shifts in organisation’s strategies with aims for talents, technologies and customer’s focus and loyalty (Venkatraman and Henderson, 2008, p. 258). Organisations keep constant contact with customers, looking for ways to satisfy their needs and wants. Good customer relation is an important aspect of business (McColl-Kennedy & Schneider, 2000, p. S884). To get closer to the customers, businesses have to work as cohesive organisations, using tools and technology (Gulati and Oldroyd, 2005, p. 92), and focus on knowledge-based economy, slowly moving away from the industrial economy. Identifying and working out to strengthen customer satisfaction, supply chains can help in having good relationship with customers, but supply chains have two attributes which are cost and service. Service is itself responsiveness to the customer’s demand, but demand can also increase cost. Putting on a lot of innovations on the product/s means adding cost on production. â€Å"Supply chain efficiency is measured as a cost of producing and delivering goods and service to the customer.† (Hines, 2004, p. 61) This means that if we increase responsiveness to supply chain, we add cost to the delivery of service.

Change for the better Essay Example for Free

Change for the better Essay Describe a situation in which critical and creative thought could have been used for a better outcome. Describe why it is important to think critically and creatively in similar situations. A situation that critical and creative thought could have been used for a better outcome is when buyers were making choices about buying real estate. There was a time back in 2006 thru 2007 that the real estate market was showing significant weakness where previously to that year it was thriving, but buyers were not thinking critically and creatively. Instead investors were being avaricious and they let their greedy ways of thinking make decisions for them. To make things poorer, lenders were very hostile in their lending procedures while nobody in the government was watching. Investors continue to buy properties at high prices. They were even paying over the listed prices for certain properties. Then there went it was ruined, and investors were trapped with nearly valueless properties. This is why and how thousands of properties started going into foreclosure. This was a hard lesson to learn but today the lending rules have changed thanks to a revamp of the lending practices. By thinking critically and creatively the government has constricted an improved unsupervised system. Define free will, truth, knowledge, and opinion. Explain how we use them to form thoughts. The moderate definition of free will is when people have choices when it comes to decisions like whether to attend an event or finish an assignment. Another example is getting up to go to work, although it may look uncontrollable, it really is a choice you make every day. For this reason, it is ironic that so much confusion exists about truth (Ruggiero, p. 27, 2009). Even otherwise intelligent people can be heard saying things such as â€Å"Everyone makes his or her own truth,† â€Å"One person’s truth is another person’s error,† â€Å"Truth is relative,† and â€Å"Truth is constantly changing† (Ruggiero, p. 27, 2009).All of these ideas undermine thinking (Ruggiero, p. 27, 2009). Knowledge can change as new information is becomes accessible. Ideas do not constitute knowledge unless they correspond to reality (Ruggiero, p.28, 2009). â€Å"Opinions are i ntensely personal, so it is understandable that people have strong feelings about theirs (Ruggiero, p. 34, 2009). But many people carry those feelings beyond the boundaries of good sense (Ruggiero, p. 34, 2009). They take the valid idea â€Å"Everyone has a right to his or her opinion† to the ridiculous extreme of â€Å"Everyone’s opinion is right† (Ruggiero, p. 34, 2009).

Dell Business Analysis :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Dell Business Analysis Where are we going? Dell is currently migrating to new technology. They have opened new facilities in Europe and North America to help customers and independent software providers with next generation Internet technologies. They also are gaining rapid experience and know-how into applying the rules of business. Dell has created valuechain.dell.com, which provides suppliers with secure access into Dell’s operations. They have also secured deals with BellSouth DSL and Samsung which will be made public later. Financially speaking, Dell is expecting revenue to total 8.5-8.6 billion dollars, which is a 26 percent increase from one year ago. Net income is also expected to rise 10 to 20 percent. Per share earnings will likely reach 18 to 19 cents. How will we get there? In order for Dell to achieve its goals, they must just continue to provide the service that they are. They are trendsetters in the industry because of their specialized service, and I think that more customers will attract to them because of that. However, an obstacle that Dell will have to overcome is the fact that memory cards can be purchased from any retail store (i.e. Staples, Office Max). This eliminates the need for customers to upgrade their systems. Perhaps, a specialized chip can be created and sold specially by Dell that will prove to be more advantageous to Dell customers. How will we know? Dell Computer Corporation will know that they are there if their success is continual. They are already dominant in the market, so true success will be proven if it is continued. Short term, quarterly, realistic goals need to be set, and if/when achieved, Dell will know that they have â€Å"gotten there.

Welsh Poetry Essay - Compare and contrast White Roses with Stop all the

Welsh Poetry Essay - Compare and contrast White Roses with Stop all the Clocks. -Compare and contrast "White Roses" with "Stop all the Clocks." "White Roses" is about a young boy who dies. It was written by Gillian Clarke, a modern Welsh poet. The title of the poem is ironic, because "White Roses" suggests youth, beauty and innocence. The poem starts with, "Outside the green velvet sitting room" This suggests luxury and wealth. The use of the colour green is also very indicative, because the colour green suggests spring and fertility and overall life. This is in contrast with the theme of the poem, which is suppoused to be one of death, but in actuality, it is as much about life as it is of death. The next two verses fit in with the theme of green, fertility and springtime. "White roses bloom after rain" "They hold water and sunlight" This is a simile. Water and sunlight are essential to life, which interlock with the theme of life. The newly-bloomed white roses are only still alive because of the water and sunlight they hold. The reader is then taken inside , to a scene of sickness and disease. "Within the boy who sleeps in my care, In the big chair" "Big chair" suggests that this boy is a very small boy. The boy awakens to pain. "The cold bloom Opens at a terrible speed And the splinter of ice moves" The second and the third stanza are linked together, through enjambment. "In his blood as he stirs in the chair" From the next line we can assume that the boy and carer are not family. The narrator is merely a nurse or a carer for this boy. The boy is obviously in a lot of pain. A sympton of some unknown disease. He grits in teeth in effort to subdue of forget the... ...ve, where-as "Stop all the Clocks" is written in first person narrative. "Stop all the Clocks" is also a more personal poem where as "White Roses" is more vauge and abstract. More objective . "White Roses" is about a child, who was not close to the poet, dying. "Stop all the Clocks" is a poem all about grieving and mourning for a lover, a partner. It is about the complete and utter outpouring of grief. "White Roses" is simply a reflection of death. The poem I prefer is "Stop all the Clocks", because I feel it is a more significant poem than "White Roses" simply because it is a more personal poem. A poem full of heartache, grief and despair that someone the poet truly loved has gone forever. I feel it is a more realistic poem. Although "White Roses" is a sad poem, "Stop all the Clocks" is a sadder poem. Full of an overwhelming sense of grief and of loss.

Ethical Considerations for Testing, Retesting, and Make-up Examinations Essay

In most structure in the social system, the concept of giving a second or another chance is widely dominant as applied in lined with different perspective and aim. Most people resort to this approach as their mean of developing their own approach for a better result and more benefit on their part. As an actual example, in the business world, some professional resort to rescheduling of their meetings and presentation because they are not well-prepared or they wish to do something for the betterment of the said meeting. This is mainly ethical and permissible if applied appropriately without resulting to another loss or on the other party. This adjustment is delegated and approved first by both parties involved before applied in the time table. On other fields and industry, retesting also becomes a common system which is applied as inclined to the best interest and result for the involved party. Some companies or organizations appropriately adjust their time table and even repeat some of their procedure as influenced by the realization of better results. Indeed, there are many scenarios in the actual world wherein the approach of adjusting the time schedule is applicable and ethically appropriate based on the nature of the involved event. However, a certain conflict of ethical perspective occurs in the practice of this approach in the learning structure particularly in the educational system. It is common in the curricular system to schedule examinations and testing exercises to determine the learning development of the student and to evaluate their performance on the academic level. However, most student deal with these exercises as mere basis of the institution’s grading system which will influence their future academic performance and their personal capacity. Thus, to achieve better result for their testing exercises, some students resort to using or even abusing the schedule adjustment system for the purpose of gaining better results and advantage for their personal interest. The adjustment of time schedule for examination or retesting is commonly based on the ideal nature of the involved scenario wherein the student might have or will likely missed the duly acknowledged period because of some plausible reasons. This include being physical incapacitated due to sickness or injury, family problems or certain situation wherein the presence of the student is direly needed by his or her family, and others unexpected circumstances which are considered valid excuses to exempt the said student from the said predetermined schedule. However, utilizing false excuses or invalid reasoning to be excuse from the scheduled period because he or she is unprepared, negligent and other unethical circumstance are indeed a form of abuse of this system. This is mainly unethical due to the fact that it creates a certain bias and inequality in the social perspective wherein the student population must take the examination on the schedule dates wherein they are likely risking their interest while other become excused and given extended period to prepare for better result. This approach is indeed unfair in the entire field as the excused student/s will gain more advantage in terms of allotted time for preparation compare to the entire student population. On this ethical conflict, two sides must be critical viewed and considered namely the side of the student population and the side of the isolated student/s excused for rescheduling. For the former, they are given a fixed schedule with an allotted period for them to prepare and for the said exercise. On the said period, they must take the test whether best prepared or not thus, likely risking their interest of getting good marks. The latter on the other hand have also given the same allotted period the same as others however, rescheduling their testing date later will give them more advantage for preparation. Considering this linear view only will already reflect a bias interest on the situation however, an ethical answer will also determine the logicality of the predicament. Thus, it is important in this situation to consider two things in deciding the approach towards addressing the problem namely critically consider the reason behind rescheduling and equal view towards the interest of the entire population. The reason behind each circumstance duly determines its validity and the ethical background of the circumstance. This factor is also important in determining whether the task of rescheduling is indeed logical and ethical depending on the involved nature and elements of the scenario. The facilitator or teacher involved must critically analyze the reason and evidences involved whether they are valid as basis to exempt the particular student for the testing schedule. Thus, to negate the bias nature involved in the said scenario, a plausible and ethically valid reason must given to support the exemption and the allotment of extension for the involved student. Through which, the interest of all involved parties will be equally given and addressed in the involved situation resulting to a fair and just implementation of teacher’s authority over his or her students and the ethical adherence to the primary rules and regulation of the academic institution.

Biography of John C. Frémont, Soldier, Explorer

Biography of John C. Frà ©mont, Soldier, Explorer John C. Frà ©mont (January 21, 1813–July 13, 1890) held a controversial and unusual place in mid-19th century America. Called The Pathfinder, he was hailed as a great explorer of the West. While Frà ©mont did little original exploring as he mostly followed trails that had already been established, he did publish narratives and maps based on his expeditions. Many emigrants heading westward carried guidebooks based on Frà ©monts government-sponsored publications. Frà ©mont was the son-in-law of a prominent politician, Sen. Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri, the nations most prominent advocate of  Manifest Destiny. In the mid-1800s,  Frà ©mont was famed as the living embodiment of westward expansion. His reputation suffered somewhat due to controversies during the Civil War, when he seemed to defy the Lincoln administration. But upon his death, he was fondly remembered for his accounts of the West. Fast Facts: John Charles Frà ©mont Known For: Senator from California; first Republican candidate for president; known for expeditions to open up the West to settlersAlso Known As: The PathfinderBorn: January 21, 1813 in Savannah, GeorgiaParents: Charles Frà ©mon, Anne Beverley WhitingDied: July 13, 1890  in New York,  New YorkEducation: Charleston CollegePublished Works:  Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, Memoirs of My Life and Times, Geographical Memoir upon Upper California, an  Illustration of His Map of Oregon and CaliforniaAwards and Honors:  Namesake for schools, libraries, roads, etc.Spouse: Jessie BentonChildren: Elizabeth Benton Lily Frà ©mont, Benton Frà ©mont, John Charles Frà ©mont Jr., Anne Beverly Fremont, Francis Preston Fremont Early Life John Charles Frà ©mont was born on January 21, 1813 in Savannah, Georgia. His parents were embroiled in scandal. His father, a French immigrant named Charles Fremon, had been hired to tutor the young wife of an elderly Revolutionary War veteran in Richmond, Virginia. The tutor and student began a relationship and ran away together. Leaving behind a scandal in Richmond’s social circles, the couple traveled along the southern frontier for a time before eventually settling in Charleston, South Carolina. Frà ©mont’s parents (Frà ©mont later added the â€Å"t† to his last name) never married. His father died when Frà ©mont was a child, and at the age of 13, Frà ©mont found work as a clerk for a lawyer. Impressed by the boy’s intelligence, the lawyer helped Frà ©mont get an education. The young Frà ©mont had an affinity for mathematics and astronomy, skills that would later be very useful for plotting his position in the wilderness. Early Career and Marriage Frà ©monts professional life began with a job teaching mathematics to cadets in the U.S. Navy, and then working on a government surveying expedition. While visiting Washington, D.C., he met the powerful Missouri Sen. Thomas H. Benton and his family. Frà ©mont fell in love with Benton’s daughter Jessie and eloped with her. Sen. Benton was at first outraged, but he came to accept and actively promote his son-in-law. The role that Bentons influence played in Frà ©monts career cannot be overstated. In the decades before the Civil War, Benton exerted great influence on Capitol Hill. He was obsessed with expanding the United States to the West. He was perceived as the nations greatest proponent of Manifest Destiny, and he was often considered as powerful as the senators in the Great Triumvirate: Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun. First Expedition to the West With Sen. Benton’s help, Frà ©mont was given the assignment to lead an 1842 expedition to explore beyond the Mississippi River to the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains. With the guide Kit Carson and a group of men recruited from a community of French trappers, Frà ©mont reached the mountains. Climbing a high peak, he placed an American flag on top. Frà ©mont returned to Washington and wrote a report of his expedition. While much of the document consisted of tables of geographical data that Frà ©mont had calculated based on astronomical readings, Frà ©mont also wrote a narrative of considerable literary quality (most likely with considerable help from his wife). The U.S. Senate published the report in March 1843, and it found a readership in the general public. Many Americans took special pride in Frà ©mont placing an American flag atop a high mountain in the West. Foreign powers- Spain to the south and Britain to the north- had their own claims on much of the West. And Frà ©mont, acting purely on his own impulse, had seemed to claim the distant West for the United States. Second Expedition to the West Frà ©mont led a second expedition to the West in 1843 and 1844. His assignment was to find a route across the Rocky Mountains to Oregon. After essentially accomplishing his assignment, Frà ©mont and his party were located in Oregon in January 1844. Rather than returning to Missouri, the expedition’s starting point, Frà ©mont led his men southward and then west, crossing the Sierra Nevada mountain range into California. The trip over the Sierras was extremely difficult and dangerous, and there has been speculation that Frà ©mont was operating under some secret orders to infiltrate California, which was then Spanish territory. After visiting Sutter’s Fort, the outpost of John Sutter, in early 1844, Frà ©mont traveled southward in California before heading eastward. He eventually arrived back in St. Louis in August 1844. He then traveled to Washington, D.C., where he wrote a report of his second expedition. The Importance of Frà ©monts Reports A book of his two expedition reports was published and became extremely popular. Many Americans who made the decision to move westward did so after reading Frà ©mont’s stirring reports of his travels in the great spaces of the West. Noted Americans, including Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman, also read Frà ©mont’s reports and took inspiration from them. Sen. Benton, as a proponent of Manifest Destiny, promoted the reports. And Frà ©monts writings helped create great national interest in opening the West. Controversial Return to California In 1845 Frà ©mont, who had accepted a commission in the U.S. Army, returned to California and became active in rebelling against Spanish rule and starting the Bear Flag Republic in northern California. For disobeying orders in California, Frà ©mont was arrested and found guilty at a court-martial hearing. President James K. Polk overturned the proceedings, but Frà ©mont resigned from the Army. Later Career Frà ©mont led a troubled expedition in 1848 to find a route for a transcontinental railroad. Settling in California, which by then had become a state, he briefly served as one of its senators. He became active in the new Republican Party and was its first presidential candidate, in 1856. During the Civil War, Frà ©mont received a commission as a Union general and commanded the U.S. Army in the West for a time. His tenure in the Army came to an end early in the war when he issued an order freeing slaves in his territory. President Abraham Lincoln relieved him of command. Death Frà ©mont later served as territorial governor of Arizona from 1878 to 1883. He died at his home in New York City on July 13, 1890. The next day, a New York Times front-page headline proclaimed, The Old Pathfinder Dead. Legacy While Frà ©mont was often caught up in controversy, he did provide Americans in the 1840s with reliable accounts of what was to be found in the distant West. During much of his lifetime, he was considered by many to be a heroic figure, and he played a major role in opening the West to settlement. Sources The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"John C. Frà ©mont.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 8 Feb. 2019.FRÉMONT, John Charles. Congress.gov.â€Å"John C. Frà ©mont.†Ã‚  American Battlefield Trust, 1 Nov. 2018.

Definition of Canon in Fiction and Literature

Definition of Canon in Fiction and Literature In fiction and literature, the canon is the collection of works considered representative of a period or genre. The collected works of William Shakespeare, for instance, would be part of the canon of western literature, since his writing and writing style has had a significant impact on nearly all aspects of that genre. How the Canon Changes The accepted body of work that comprises the canon of Western literature has evolved and changed over the years, however. For centuries, it was populated primarily by white men and was not representative of Western culture as a whole.   Over time, some works become less pertinent in the canon as theyre replaced by more modern counterparts. For instance, the works of Shakespeare and Chaucer are still considered significant.  But lesser-known writers of the past, such as William Blake and Matthew Arnold, have faded in relevance, replaced by modern counterparts like Ernest Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises), Langston Hughes (Harlem ), and Toni Morrison (Beloved). Origin of the Word Canon In religious terms, a canon is a standard of judgment or a text containing those views, such as the Bible or the Koran. Sometimes within religious traditions, as views evolve or change, some formerly canonical texts become apocryphal, meaning outside the realm of whats considered representative. Some apocryphal works are never granted formal  acceptance but are influential nevertheless. An example of an apocryphal text in Christianity would be the Gospel of Mary Magdelene. This is a highly controversial text not widely recognized in the Church - but it is believed to be the words of one of Jesus closest companions.   Cultural Significance and Canon Literature People of color have become more prominent parts of the canon as a past emphasis on Eurocentrism has waned. For example, contemporary writers such as Louise Erdrich (The Round House), Amy Tan (The Joy Luck Club), and James Baldwin (Notes of a Native Son) are representative of entire subgenres of African-American, Asian-American, and Native American styles of writing.   Posthumous Additions Some writers and artists work is not as well appreciated in their time, and their writing becomes part of the canon many years after their deaths. This is especially true of female writers such as Charlotte Bronte (Jane Eyre), Jane Austen (Pride and Prejudice), Emily Dickinson (Because I Could Not Stop for Death), and Virginia Woolf (A Room of Ones Own). The Evolving Canon Literary Definition Many teachers and schools rely on the canon to teach students about literature, so its crucial that it includes works that are representative of society, providing a snapshot of a given point in time. This, of course, has led to many disputes among literary scholars over the years. Arguments about which works are worthy of further examination and study are likely to continue as cultural norms and mores shift and evolve.   By studying canonical works of the past, we gain a new appreciation for them from a modern perspective. For instance, Walt Whitmans epic poem Song of Myself is now viewed as a seminal work of gay literature. During Whitmans lifetime, it was not necessarily read within that context.

I was taught to see racism only in individual acts of meanness, not in invisible systems conferring dominance on my group Essay Essay Example

I was taught to see racism only in individual acts of meanness, not in invisible systems conferring dominance on my group Essay Essay Example I was taught to see racism only in individual acts of meanness, not in invisible systems conferring dominance on my group Essay Essay I was taught to see racism only in individual acts of meanness, not in invisible systems conferring dominance on my group Essay Essay Essay Topic: Invisible Man Through work to convey stuffs from women’s surveies into the remainder of the course of study. I have frequently noticed men’s involuntariness to allow that they are overprivileged. even though they may allow that adult females are disadvantaged. They may state they will work to women’s statues. in the society. the university. or the course of study. but they can’t or won’t back up the thought of decreasing men’s. Denials that amount to taboos surround the topic of advantages that work forces gain from women’s disadvantages. These denials protect male privilege from being to the full acknowledged. lessened. or ended. Thinking through unacknowledged male privilege as a phenomenon. I realized that. since hierarchies in our society are meshing. there was most likely a phenomenon of while privilege that was likewise denied and protected. As a white individual. I realized I had been taught approximately racism as something that puts others at a disadvantage. but had been taught non to see one of its corollary facets. white privilege. which puts me at an advantage. I think Whites are carefully taught non to acknowledge white privilege. as males are taught non to acknowledge male privilege. So I have begun in an unschooled manner to inquire what it is like to hold white privilege. I have come to see white privilege as an unseeable bundle of unearned assets that I can number on cashing in each twenty-four hours. but about which I was â€Å"meant† to stay unmindful. White privilege is like an unseeable weightless backpack of particular commissariats. maps. passports. codebooks. visas. apparels. tools. and clean cheques. Describing white privilege makes one freshly accountable. As we in women’s surveies work to uncover male privilege and inquire work forces to give up some of their power. so one who writes about holding white privilege must inquire. â€Å"having described it. what will I make to decrease or stop it? † After I realized the extent to which work forces work from a base of unacknowledged privilege. I understood that much of their oppression was unconscious. Then I remembered the frequent charges from adult females of colour that white adult females whom they encounter are oppressive. I began to understand why we are merely seen as oppressive. even when we don’t see ourselves that manner. I began to number the ways in which I enjoy unearned tegument privilege and have been conditioned into limbo about its being. My schooling gave me no preparation in seeing myself as an oppressor. as an below the belt advantaged individual. or as a participant in a damaged civilization. I was taught to see myself as an person whose moral province depended on her single moral will. My schooling followed the form my co-worker Elizabeth Minnich has pointed out: Whites are taught to believe of their lives as morally impersonal. normative. and mean. and besides ideal. so that when we work to profit others. this is seen as work that will let â€Å"them† to be more like â€Å"us. †